As a result, he makes between 25-50% more rbcsthan an average person. In fact, his body behaves as if he ispermanently at high altitude where oxygen is reduced. His body lacks the feedback mechanism that signalswhen enough rbcs have been made. Genetic screening reveals that Jamie has a mutation in hiserythropoietin receptor. Chase decides to order more tests to find a cause forJamie’s condition. Jamie convinces his doctor thathe is not doping. EPO has beenprominent in the drug scandals that have plagued professional cycling foryears. Chase, initially suspects that Jamieis illegally injecting Erythropoietin (EPO), a synthetic version of a natural hormonethat stimulates bone marrow to increase red blood cell production.

His blood work reveals abnormally high levels of redblood cells (rbcs). He decides to undergo a complete medical exam before training for theOlympic Trials in 2016. However, Jamie has long suspected that he was “different” from otherathletes. He trains hard and has benefitted from excellent coaching throughout hiscareer.

Jameson“Jamie” Weaver is a 21-year-old collegiate track star, specializing in themile. How thenshould sporting organizations manage athletes whose genetic makeup alters theirphysiology in a way that is consistent with doping but is, instead, completelynatural? Is it fair to allow them to compete against traditional athletes that, in comparison, have a significant disadvantage? have clear rulesagainst athletes that use drugs to gain a competitive advantage. Chand’s actions arenoteworthy in that she is the first in her situation to refuse medicalintervention, opting against altering the body she was born with. Dutee Chand is challenging her ban by appealing hercase to the Court of Arbitration for Sport in Switzerland. But, the number of women with hyperandrogenism competing in elitetrack and field events is 140 times greater than the average population, whichsuggests an association. There is noevidence that elevated levels of naturally produced testosterone give athleticadvantage. Based on 2011 guidelinesenacted by the International Association of Athletics Federations (I.A.A.C.),Chand can return to competition only after lowering her testosterone levelsbelow the male range via hormone-suppressing drugs or surgery. She has hyperandrogenism, a condition which causes her body to naturally produce levels of testosteronethat are in the range of what is typical for males. Last month, The New York Times reported on Dutee Chand, afemale Indian sprinter who was recently barred from international competitiondue to elevated levels of testosterone.

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